About Mongolia

General information about history

  • 700,00B.C.: First signs of human activity in present day Mongolia
  • Circa 200 B.C.: Hunnu Empire established 552 to circa 900 A.D Syanbu State, Jujian State, Turkic Khaganate, Uighur Khaganate.
  • 900 to 1100: Kidan Empire
  • 1162: Temuujin is born
  • 1196 to 1205: Temuujin unities Mongol tribes, founds Great Mongolian State and is proclaimed Great Genghis Khan
  • 1206: Proclamation of Mongol Empire Genghis Khan starts military campaigns
  • 1207: First attack on Tanguts
  • 1209: Attack on northern China and Kharakhita Empire.
  • 1211: Genghis Khan leads invasion of Eastern Turkestan Khanate
  • 1218: Attacks on Horesm Shaah State, Samarkand and Buhara
  • 1221 to 1223: Mongols invade Azerbaijan, Georgia and Crimea
  • 1225 to 1227; Military campaigns in Russia and Bulgaria along the Volga and Kama river
  • 1227: Successful second attack on Tangut Empire.
  • 1227: Genghis Khan dies.
  • 1234: Genghis Khan sons Zuch, Tsagaadai, Ogoidei and Tului divide conquered territories and continue military campaigns.
  • 1235: Mongol capital moved to Kharkhorum
  • 1236 to 1240: Macro Polo arrives in Kharkhorum
  • 1244 to 1252: Genghis Khan’s grandson Batu conquers Ryasan, Vladimir and Kiev. The Turkish and Iranian Empires are also attacked.
  • 1254: Franciscan monk Wilhelm Dubuque, envoy of French King Louis IX, arrives in Kharkhorum
  • 1258: Conquered Korea
  • 1260: Kublai becomes Khan of Mongolia
  • 1380 to 1388: Chinese troops invade Mongolia and sack Kharkhorum
  • 1400 to 1460: Tribal wars
  • 1578: Altan Khan converts to Buddhism
  • 1639: Zanabazar proclaims head of Buddhism in Mongolia and is given the Tibetan name Luvsandambijantsan. He declares Urge (now called Ulaanbaatar) at his residence.
  • 1691: Manchu Empire conquers Mongolia
  • 1754 to 1990: Various anti-Manchurian uprisings are suppressed
  • 1911: Independence from China and proclamation of Bogd Gegeen monarchy
  • 1919: China invades Mongolia
  • 1921: With Russia support, Shukbaatar claims Mongolian independence from China
  • 1924: Bogd Khan dies
  • 1937 to 1940: Soviet repression: over 700 temples razed and 30,000 monks killed
  • 1939: Battle at Khalkhiin Gol River between Soviet-Mongolian and Japanese forces
  • 1991: Soviet Union implodes
  • 1992: New constitution adopted and true independence arrives.