Language: Mongolia (an Altaic language); Russian and English widely spoken

Mongolian scrips: Mongolia has used a number of scripts throughout its history but the most used has been the Uighur Mongolian scrip.

Uighur Mongolia script- In 1204 – today, created by the Tata-Tonga.

Galik alphabet- In 1587, created by the translator and scholar Ayuush Gььsh

Todo alphabet- In 1648, created by the Oirat Buddhist monk Zaya Pandita

Phags-pa script (Square script) - In 1269, designed by the Tibetan monk Drogцn Chцgyal Phagpa for Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan dynasty

Soyombo script- In 1686, created by the Mongolian monk and scholar Bogdo Zanabazar

Horizontal square script- around the same time, Zanabazar also developed the horizontal square script, which was only rediscovered in 1801

Latin script- In 1941, Mongolia officially adopted a Latin alphabet

Cyrillic script- In 1946, the most recent Mongolian alphabet is a based on the Cyrillic script.

Religion: Predominately Tibetan Buddhism; Christianity; Islam among the Muslim minorities in the west; traces of ancient Shamanism

National anthem: Khairt Mongol Oronoo Manduuliya (‘Let us make our Beloved Country Flourish’)

Ethnic groups: Over 20 different ethnic. Mongolian population has consisted of many different nomadic tribes from ancient time until present day. 81.5% of Khalkha Mongol…

They are Khalkh, Uriankhai, Barga, Bayad, Dariganga, Darkhad, Khotgoid, Torguud, Tuva, Uzemchin, Zakhchin, Tsaatan, Ould and Myangad

Health: Before 1921 there was no modern medicine and Mongolians relied on traditional healers, but during the communist/socialist period (1921-90) the improvements in health were remarkable and included the rural population.

Mongolia doesn’t have specifically recommended any inoculations or vaccinations prior to visiting. To reduce the risk of illness while travelling within Mongolia, visitors are advised to follow all usual precautions.

Peel fruit and wash vegetables
Avoid using un-boiled milk and local dairy produce
Boil water
Cook meat thoroughly
A range of basic drugs and medicines are available though.